The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace, 1851 Historical Background The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations…

The first bathing establishment was founded in 1822 by the Earl of Brancas , sub-prefect of the town. This property, surrounded by a garden with its elegant colonnade, is considered the first casino in Dieppe. Marie-Caroline, Duchess of Berry, daughter of King Charles X , attracts people of the court and many artists, such as Rossini, in Dieppe.

The Brighton Chain Pier was opened on 25 November 1823. The pier was primarily intended as a landing stage for packet boats to Dieppe, until they transferred to the more sheltered Newhaven. It was different from typical piers because, rather than being built on stilts, the deck of the pier was suspended from chains attached to pillars

Frances Sayer was visiting at a time when Brighton was growing as a bathing resort frequented by the Prince Regent, whose summer palace, the Pavilion, was still under construction.

He leaves his bathing machines in trust to keep them in repair and to pay for the board, lodging and education of Edward Hall, the son of Ann Marchant, who is living at the same Brighton address as Kittle.

The « Newhaven » is a French turbine-and-propeller-driven liner.

Built at the Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée in Le Havre, taken intoservice in 1911 and modified to run on oil in 1932, it was 92 metres long with a top speed of 24 knots.

The Brighton, the fourth vessel to bear this name was one of the first turbine-driven liners on the Dieppe-Newhaven route. Built at the Dumbarton shipyard in Scotland, it had two propellers and ran at 6,000 horsepower.

Even in clothes made from a particular type of high-quality fabric made in the Normandy town of Elbeuf, “the art of dressing well” was regarded as synonymous with the art of wearing English-style clothes, whether for sports (golf, tennis and horse-racing), in town or on formal occasions.

View of the Brighton chain pier. Nothing is known of the artist or the provenance of the sketch book.

A view of Eastbourne showing bathing machines on the beach.

This book is not the ship’s log proper but a record of certain categories of incident (eg deaths, disturbances on board) which were statutorily required to be reported to the Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen. It includes a list of crew members with a report on their character and ability in seamanship.

Many British citizens started to explore their Anglo-Norman roots from the second half of the 18th century onwards. Normandy was a popular destination for artists: painters like Turner, photographers like Tenison, but also engravers who reproduced their creations.

Shortly before 1900, new printing processes gave rise to large advertising poster format. This support, among others, allows railway companies to promote tourist sites served by rail.

The Le Havre Football club was set up in 1872 by English Protestant expatriates working as traders or shop assistants in Le Havre. In 1891 the Le Havre Athletic Club adopted the colours of the English universities where the players had studied: the famous light blue of Cambridge and dark blue of Oxford.

In the Collège de Normandie, modelled on Harrow school in England, physical education and games were compulsory. Pupils played football, real tennis and lacrosse, and did gymnastics and fencing.

The Collège de Normandie opened its doors in 1902.​ It was a private school for Catholic and Protestant pupils from the ages of 7 to 9 right through to the school-leaving examination. It was modelled on Harrow school in England. Modern languages were a prominent feature of the syllabus, and all pupils had to spend three months at a school in England.

Clubs became increasingly popular in Normandy, especially on the coast, in response to the English influence. The Cercle de la Concorde in Fécamp described its objective as offering residents somewhere “to talk about business and enjoy each other’s company”.